| Frequently Asked Questions on Newcastle Disease |
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| 1. What are the strains used for primary vaccination in Newcastle disease (Ranikhet disease)? |
| There are 3 strains viz. Asplin/ F, Hitchner B1 and V4 strains that are used for primary vaccination |
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| 2. Which is the best strain for priming in Newcastle disease? |
| Asplin/ F strain is superior to use as primary vaccine based on Intra Cerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) as ICPI of Asplin/ F is 0.25, Hitchner B1 is 0.20 and V4 is 0.00 |
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| 3. What are the strains used for booster vaccination in Ranikhet disease? |
| LaSota, R2B and Inactivated vaccines are used for booster vaccination in Ranikhet disease |
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| 4. What should be the order of usage of different strains of Ranikhet disease? |
| Different strains of RD should be used in the following order at different ages in periodic order: |
| F --> LaSota --> R2B --> Inactivated vaccines |
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| 5. How different strains of Ranikhet disease are classified? |
F - Mild lentogenic
LaSota - Modesto lentogenic
R2B - Mesogenic
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| 6. Is it necessary to use R2B vaccine before the use of Inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine? |
| Yes, it is necessary. R2B (Mukteshwar) strain is the one which has controlled vvND in India |
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| 7. Live vaccines are stored at temperature 2º-8º C. Can they be stored at freezing temperature (below zero)? |
| Normally live vaccines are stored at 2-8oC temperature, if they are stored for a short time upto 15 days. For longer storage live vaccines should be stored at freezing temperature (below zero) |
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| 8. What is the ideal temperature for the storage of Inactivated vaccines? |
| Inactivated vaccines should be stored at 2-8oC |
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| 9. Can Inactivated vaccines be stored at freezing temperature? |
| No, they should not be stored at freezing temperature as freezing temperature will break the oil-in-water emulsion of inactivated vaccines |
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| 10. Is Ranikhet disease, a disease of poultry only or it can affect other avian species? |
| Pigeons are normal carriers of Paramyxovirus-I strain of Newcastle disease virus. Similarly, other avian species are also carriers of Ranikhet disease virus. In India, hot and humid climate favors the survival of Newcastle disease virus in other avian species |
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| 11. What is the age at which Ranikhet disease can occur in poultry? |
| It strikes birds of all ages, mostly birds of more than 2 weeks of age. There is no upper age limit for Ranikhet disease |
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| 12. If serum antibody titers are high, can Newcastle disease strike in those birds? |
| High serum antibody titers against Ranikhet disease can be achieved after the repeated usage of killed (Inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines). In such birds Ranikhet disease can occur. For complete prevention, local immunity in the upper respiratory tract (Harderian gland and trachea) and digestive tract is a must. This is possible only by systematic usage of Asplin/ F followed by LaSota, R2B and then Inactivated Ranikhet disease vaccine. In the control of Newcastle disease local immunity, cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity play role |
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| 13. In which disease of poultry torticollis (twisted neck) is seen? |
| Torticollis is mostly seen as important clinical sign in Ranikhet disease |
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| 14. Are R2B and Komarov strain of the same category? |
| Yes, both of them are mesogenic strains. R2B has an Intra Cerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) of 1.40 and Komarov has an ICPI of 1.41 |
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| 15. Is it necessary to use LaSota vaccine during lay, particularly in extreme summer months? |
| Yes, it is necessary. Summer is highly immunosuppressive. Periodic use of LaSota in drinking water builds up local, cell mediated and humoral immunity |
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| 16. What are the protective titers in Ranikhet disease as ND HI log2? |
| In different age groups, protective titers for Newcastle disease are different to maintain health and production. Following minimum titers should be maintained as ND HI log2: |
In chicks - >3
In growers - > 4
In production flock - > 6 |
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